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Agriculture Management Measures:
 Erosion and Sediment Control
Facility Wastewater and Runoff from Confined Animal Facilities
(That Are Not CAFOs)
Nutrient Management
Pesticide Management
Grazing Management
Irrigation Water Management
Education/Outreach |
The
NPS pollutants typically
associated with agriculture are nutrients, animal waste,
sediments, and pesticides. Agricultural
NPS pollution enters receiving waters by direct runoff
to surface waters or seepage to ground water. Runoff
of nutrients can result from excessive application
of fertilizers and animal waste to land, and from improper
storage of animal waste. Farming activities can cause
excessive erosion, which results in sediment entering
receiving waters. Improper use and overapplication
of pesticides causes pesticide pollution. Improper
grazing management can cause erosion, soil compaction,
and excessive nutrients, all of which impair sensitive
areas. Overapplication of irrigation water can cause
runoff of sediments and pesticides to enter surface
water or seep into ground water. Sediment, pesticides,
and excess nutrients all affect aquatic habitats by
causing eutrophication, turbidity, temperature increases,
toxicity, and decreased oxygen.
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Please
see the California Nonpoint Source Encyclopedia for a
fact sheet on each of the management measures, containing
a description of related state and federal programs,
a list of specific management practices, additional information
resources, example case studies in California, and references.
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 Erosion
and Sediment Control 1A Addresses
NPS problems associated with soil erosion and sedimentation.
Where erosion and sedimentation from agricultural lands
affects coastal water bodies listed as impaired by
sediment, landowners must design and install or apply
a combination of practices to reduce solids and associated
pollutants in runoff during all but the larger storms. |
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 Facility Wastewater
and Runoff from Confined Animal Facilities That Are Not
CAFOs 1B Wastewater and contaminated
runoff from confined animal facilities that are not
CAFOs (Contained Animal Feeding Operations, which are
large livestock production facilities) must be contained
at all times. Storage facilities should be of adequate
capacity to allow for proper wastewater use and should
be constructed so they prevent seepage to ground water.
Stored runoff and accumulated solids from the facility
should be managed through a waste use system, or else
be removed from the site. |
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 Nutrient Management 1C Addresses
the development and implementation of comprehensive
nutrient management plans for areas where nutrient
runoff affects coastal waterbodies listed as impaired
by nutrients. When manure from confined animal facilities
that are not CAFOs is to be disposed of on land, the
plan should ensure that subsequent irrigation does
not leach excess nutrients to surface or ground water. |
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 Pesticide Management 1D Intended to reduce contamination
of surface water and ground water from pesticides.
Includes development and adoption of reduced-risk pest
management strategies (including reductions in pesticide
use); evaluation of pest, crop, and field factors;
use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM); consideration
of environmental impacts in choice of pesticides; calibration
of equipment; and use of anti-backflow devices. |
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 Grazing
Management 1E Intended
to protect sensitive areas (including stream banks,
lakes, wetlands, estuaries, and riparian zones) by
reducing direct loadings of animal wastes and sediment.
May include restricting or rotationally grazing livestock
in sensitive areas by providing fencing and livestock
stream crossings, and by locating salt, shade, and
alternative drinking sources away from sensitive areas.
Upland erosion can be reduced by methods that may include
prescribed grazing, seeding, gully erosion control
such as grade stabilization structures and ponds, and
other critical area treatment. |
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 Irrigation Water Management 1F Promotes effective irrigation
while reducing pollutant delivery to surface and ground
waters. Irrigation water would be applied uniformly
based on an accurate measurement of crop water needs
and the volume of irrigation water applied, considering
limitations raised by such issues as water rights,
pollutant concentrations, water delivery restrictions,
salt control, wetland, water supply, and frost/freeze
temperature management. Additional precautions would
apply when chemicals are applied through irrigation. |
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 Education/Outreach 1G Goals are to implement pollution
prevention and education programs to reduce NPS pollutants
generated by the following activities, where applicable:
- Activities that cause erosion and loss of sediment on agricultural land, and land that is converted from other land uses to agricultural land;
- Activities that cause discharge from confined animal facilities (excluding CAFOs) to surface waters;
- Activities that cause excess delivery of nutrients and/or leaching of nutrients;
- Activities that cause contamination of surface water and ground water from pesticides;
- Grazing activities that cause physical disturbance
to sensitive areas and the discharge of sediment,
animal waste, nutrients, and chemicals to surface
and ground waters; and
- Irrigation activities that cause NPS pollution of surface waters.
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